> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://java.zikrulla.uz/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://java.zikrulla.uz/3-shart-operatorlari-if-else.md).

# #3 SHART OPERATORLARI (IF-ELSE)

Mehribon va rahimli Alloh nomi bilan foydali ilm o'rganish niyatida boshlaymiz.

Dasturlashda mantiq — bu qaror qabul qilishdir. Shu paytgacha yozgan kodlarimiz yuqoridan pastga qarab qat'iy ketma-ketlikda ishlardi. Lekin real hayotda dasturlarimiz vaziyatga qarab o'zgarishi, ya'ni tarmoqlanishi kerak. Aynan shu jarayonni dasturda Shart operatorlari orqali bajaramiz.

### 🏗 SHART OPERATORI NIMA?

`if-else` operatori kompyuterga yo'nalish beradi. U kompyuterga shunday deydi: *"Agar mana bu shart rost bo'lsa, 1-yo'ldan yur, aks holda — 2-yo'ldan yur"*.

#### SINTAKSIS:

```java
if (shart) {
    // Agar shart ROST (true) bo'lsa, faqat shu qism ishlaydi
} else if (boshqa_shart) {
    // Agar birinchi shart xato, lekin bu shart ROST bo'lsa, shu qism ishlaydi
} else {
    // Yuqoridagi barcha shartlar YOLG'ON (false) bo'lsa, oxirida shu qism ishlaydi
}
```

### 🧐 MANTIQIY SHARTLARNI TEKSHIRISH

Shart qismi doimo `boolean` (`true` yoki `false`) qiymat qaytarishi kerak. Buning uchun biz taqqoslash va mantiqiy operatorlardan foydalanamiz:

| **Operator** | **Nomi va Tushuntirishi**                                | **Misol**                | **Natija** |
| ------------ | -------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ---------- |
| `==`         | Tengmi?                                                  | `5 == 5`                 | `true`     |
| `!=`         | Teng emasmi?                                             | `5 != 10`                | `true`     |
| `>` / `<`    | Katta / Kichik                                           | `18 > 20`                | `false`    |
| `>=` / `<=`  | Katta yoki teng / Kichik yoki teng                       | `10 >= 10`               | `true`     |
| `&&`         | Mantiqiy VA (AND) – Ikkalasi ham rost bo'lishi shart     | `(5 > 3) && (10 < 20)`   | `true`     |
| \|\|         | Mantiqiy YOKI (OR) – Bittasi rost bo'lsa ham yetarli     | `(5 > 10) \|\| (3 < 20)` | `true`     |
| `!`          | Mantiqiy INKOR (NOT) – Natijani teskarisiga o'zgartiradi | `!(5 == 5)`              | `false`    |

### ⚡️ AMALIY MISOL

Yoshni tekshirib, tizimga ruxsat beruvchi sodda dasturni ko'rib chiqamiz:

```java
int yosh = 20;

if (yosh >= 18) {
    System.out.println("Xush kelibsiz! Tizimga kirishga ruxsat berildi.");
} else {
    System.out.println("Kechirasiz, tizimga kirish uchun yoshingiz yetmaydi.");
}
```

> ⚠️ MUHIM ESLATMA: Java'da `String` (matn) turidagi ma'lumotlarni solishtirish uchun hech qachon `==` belgisidan foydalanmang! Matnlarni solishtirish uchun doim `.equals()` metodini ishlating: `ism.equals("Zikrulla")`.

### 📝 UY VAZIFASI: TOPSHIRIQLAR

Mantiqiy fikrlashni mustahkamlash uchun algoritmlar ustida ishlash shart.

Vazifa: Shart operatoriga (`if-else`) oid jami 30 ta masalani to'liq yechib kelish.

Qamrab olinishi kerak bo'lgan mantiqiy holatlar:

1. Solishtirish: Berilgan ikkita yoki uchta sondan eng kattasini va eng kichigini topish.
2. Juft/Toq va Ishora: Kiritilgan sonning juft yoki toq ekanligini, shuningdek musbat, manfiy yoki nolga tengligini tekshirish.
3. Murakkab shartlar (`&&`, `||`): O'quvchining to'plagan balliga qarab (masalan, 90 dan baland bo'lsa 'A', 80 dan baland bo'lsa 'B' va h.k.) bahosini aniqlovchi dastur tuzish.
4. Kabisa yili: Kiritilgan yilning kabisa yili ekanligini hisoblash (yil 4 ga qoldiqsiz bo'linishi kerak, lekin 100 ga bo'linmasligi shart, yoxud 400 ga bo'linishi kerak).

***

🌐 **Dars muallifi:** [Zikrulla Yashinov](https://zikrulla.uz) | Boshqa loyihalar va bog'lanish uchun


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